Dissected piezo injector12/2/2023 ![]() ![]() The average breaking strengths of the liver parenchyma, hepatic veins, and Glisson's sheaths were 1.41 ± 0.45, 8.66 ± 1.70, and 29.6 ± 11.0 MPa, respectively. The dissection depth negatively correlated with the breaking strength of the liver parenchyma (R(2) = 0.6694, p < 0.0001). The peak pressure of the pulsed water jet positively correlated with the input voltage (R(2) = 0.9982, p < 0.0001), and this was reflected in the dissection depth. The liver parenchyma was also cut with three currently available surgical devices to compare the histological findings. The physical properties of swine liver were evaluated by breaking strength tests using tabletop universal testing instruments. The dissection depth was measured with light microscopy and evaluated histologically. ![]() The pulsed water jet technique was applied on swine liver in order to dissect tissue on a moving table using one-way linear ejection at a constant speed. The peak pressure of the pulsed water jet was measured through a sensing hole using a pressure sensor. ![]() The pulsed water jet system comprised a pump chamber driven by a piezo actuator, a stainless steel tube, and a nozzle. The purposes of this study were to characterize the physical properties of the novel ADPJ system, evaluate the dissection ability in swine organs, and reveal the mechanism of tissue-selective dissection. The novel piezo actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) system can achieve dissection with remarkably reduced water consumption compared to the conventional water jet however, the system's characteristics and dissection capabilities on any organ have not been clarified. The mechanism of such tissue-selective dissection has been unknown. The injection process occurs extremely fast and because the actuator can be activated and deactivated so quickly, piezo injectors are known for their superior reliability, increased durability, efficiency and reduced emissions.The water jet technique dissects tissue while sparing cord-like structures such as blood vessels. ![]() When the Piezo actuator is de-energized, the valve closes and high pressure fuel forces the needle to return to the closed position. With no pressure at the top of the needle, it springs open, allowing fuel to be injected into the combustion chamber. When the Piezo crystal is energized, a valve at the top of the needle opens, allowing the pressurized fuel at the top of the needle to return to the tank through the return line. Piezo electric fuel injector process diagram (via Diesel Hub) Pressurized fuel is also delivered to the top of this needle, the force of which keeps the needle closed. High pressure fuel is delivered to the tip of the injector where a needle rests and blocks fuel from being injected. A piezo injector can act up to five times faster than a standard injector solenoid and the motion is frictionless, which allows for precise fuel measurement and multiple injector events per combustion cycle. It rapidly expands when electricity is applied, making it suitable to act as the actuator in a diesel fuel injector. Piezo injectors are crucial in modern common rail diesel engines, instigating a rapid series of injection events which allow for greater efficiency, performance & reduced emissions.Īt the heart of a piezo injector is the piezoelectric (piezo) crystal. ![]()
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